Steam pumping-engine



(No Model.)

B. 'BRAZELLE.

STEAM PUMPING ENGINE.

No. 245,777. Patented Aug. 16,1881.

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WITNESSES: i I

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UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

BENJAMIN BRAZELLE, OF ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI.

STEAM PUMPING-ENGINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of LettersPatent No. 245,777, dated August16, 1881.

Application filed May 7, 1881. (No model.)

To all crhom it may concern:

Be it known that I, BENJAMIN BRAZELLE, of St. Louis, in the county ofSt. Louis and State of Missouri, have invented certain new and usefulImprovements in Steam-Engines, of which improvements the following is aspecification.

The object of my invention is to provide a simple, compact, andinexpensive direct-acting engine adapted for application to pumpingwater, feeding boilers, compressing air, operating steam hammers orstamps, rock-drills, and analogous uses, and specially suited foroperation under high pressures and at high speeds; to which end myimprovements consist in a certain novel construction and combination ofa steam-cylinder and differential piston and a steam-chest andsteam-operated valve, as hereinafter more fully set forth.

In the accompanying drawings, Figures 1 and 2 are vertical longitudinalcentral sections through a direct-acting steam pum pin g-en gineembodying my improvements, the pistons being shown at the upper andlower extremities of theirstroke, respectively; and Fig. 3, a transversesection through the same at the line 00 00 of Fig. 2.

To carryout my invention I provideasteamcylinder, A, which is bored outtruly to receive a differential piston, B, consisting of two cylindricalheads, I) b, of larger and smaller diameters, respectively, united by acentral stem, each head fitting accurately and moving in a portion ofthe cylinder of corresponding diameter. A steam-chest, G, is formed uponor secured to the cylinder A, and is provided with a difl'erentialpiston-valve, 0, consisting of a smaller cylindrical piston-head, c, anda larger head, 0, united by a stem, and fitting respectively incorrespondingly-bored portions of the steam-chest, the smaller piston,0, being so located as to alternately establish communication through aport, 0 between the space in the cylinder A above the larger area of thehead b of the main piston and the steam-pipe G which communicates withthe steam-chest above the head a and between said space and theexhaust-pipe G which is connected to the steam-chest at a point betweenthe heads 0 and 0 of the valve. The smaller bore of the cylinder and thelarger bore of the steam-chest are connected by a port, 0?, opening intothe steamchest below the larger head, 0, and the larger bore of thecylinder and smaller bore of the steam-chest by the port 0 beforereferred to. A port, 0%, extends from the steam-chest above the smallerhead, 0, to a point in the cylinder at or adjacent to the inner end ofits larger bore, said port being continuously open to the steampipe 0and consequently supplying live steam to the space in the cylinderbetween the heads I) and Z) of the piston uninterruptedly during theoperation of the engine. A port with which a supplemental exhaust-pipe,0 is connected is -formed in the cylinder A at or adjacent to the outerend of its smaller bore, and the outer end of its larger bore is closed,as is the adjacent end of the steam-chest, by a head, A. The oppositeend of the steam-chest is fitted with a removable bonnet, 0 to admit ofthe insertion and removal of the valve, and a transverse partition orseat, 0 is formed in the valvechest to act as a stop for the valve onits upward traverse, said partition having a central opening fitting acollar, 0 on the valve-stem. In the instance shown the cylinder A andpiston B are each prolonged, so as to form respectively a pump-barrel,A, provided with suitable connections, 1) b to suction and deliveryvalves, and a pump-plunger, B, working with suitable clearance in saidbarrel; but it will be obvious that in lieu thereof an ordinarypiston-rod,provided with connections suitable for any special duty towhich the engine is designed, may be provided and actuated by the meanshereinbefore described.

In the operation of my improvements, the piston B being at the upper andthe valve G at the lower extremity of its stroke, as in Fig. 1, thesteam from the boiler, which is admitted to the steam-chest by thesteam-pipe 0 passes therefrom through the port 0 into the cylinder abovethe larger head, I), of the piston B, and also passes through the port 0to the space between the heads 12 and b, acting thereby upon both sidesof the head I), but with an excess of downward pressure due to thedifference in area between its upper and lower surfaces, suchpreponderance of pressure effectin g the downward stroke. At thetermination thereof, the smaller head, b, of the piston having passedthe lower port, 0 the steam supplied through the port 0 to the spacebetween the heads passes therefrom through the port 0 to the steam-chestand raises the valve 0 by its pressure upon thelarger head, 0, simultaneously opening the upper port, 0 to the exhaust, for the discharge ofthe steam which has effected the downward stroke, and effectin g theupward stroke by its pressure upon the lower surface of the larger head,I). At the termination of the upward stroke, communication beingestablished between the lower port, 0 and thesupplemental exhaust-pipe 0,the steam which has raised the valve 0 escapes through the pipe 0 andthe pressure upon the upper head, 0, throws down the valve, therebyopening the port 0 to the steam-pipe and effecting the succeedingdownward stroke,-as above described. The provision of the collar 0 abovethe lower head, 0, of the valve effects the cushapparatus, and theabsence of joints and reduction in the number of wearing-surfaces is ofspecial advantage in its application to use under high pressure and athigh speed.

I claim as my invention and desire to secure by Letters Patent 1. In asteam-engine, the combination, substantially as set forth, of asteam-cylinder, a differential piston fitting therein, and adifferential-piston distribution-valve.

the application respectively of steam-pressure to the smaller headdirectly from the steampipe and to the larger intermedially through thecylinder.

3. In a steam-engine, the combination, substantially as set forth, of asteam-cylinder bored to two different diameters for different portionsof its length, a difierential piston formed of two heads of diameterscorresponding respectively to those of the cylinder, and connected by astem, and a reciprocatingvalve, by which a preponderance ofsteamrpressure is alternately applied to the outer and the inner facesof the larger piston-head.

4. In a steam-engine, the combination, substantially as set forth, of asteam-cylinder and asteam-chest, each bored to two different diametersfor diiferent portions of its length, a differen tial piston and adifferential-piston valve, fitted respectively to the cylinder and tothe steam-chest, a steam-supply and a steamer:- haust opening, eachcommunicating with the steamchest, two ports, which respectively connectthe larger bore of the cylinder with the smaller bore ofthe steam-chest,and vice versa, aport connecting the steam supply opening with thelarger bore of the cylinder at the end opposite that at which the portleading to the steam-chest is located, and a supplemental exhaust-portlocated in'the smaller bore of the cylinder.

B. BRAZELLE.

Witnesses:

J. SNowDEN BELL, CHAS. A. SAFFORD.

